Teacher(s)
Francis Laurent; Toussaint Sébastien (compensates Francis Laurent);
Language
English
> French-friendly
> French-friendly
Prerequisites
Students are expected to master the following skills: continuous-time and discrete-time signal representation both in time and frequency domains, mathematical system representations (transfer function, impulse response, filtering), principles and properties of Fourier, Laplace and z transforms, analysis of electrical circuits based on passive components (R, L, C), in DC, transient and AC regimes, understanding of general behavior of operational amplifiers, diodes and transistors with the associated basic electronic circuits, as they are covered within the courses LFSAB1106, LELEC1370 and LELEC1530
Main themes
Our world is more and more digital with the increasing presence of information and electronic systems in industry, transportation, health cares and everyday's life. Many of the digital applications in these fields require the automatic acquisition of quantities from the physical world. In this course, we study the instrumentation chain and the sensors capable to perform this acquisition of physical quantities to translate them into analog electrical signals and then digital data.
In this course, we will present different types of sensors used for the transduction of several physical values, e.g., occupancy, mechanical, acoustic, optical, bio/chemical, ' and the associated electronic circuits for signal conditioning and data transmission. We will highlight the figures of merit of the instrumentation chain and all sources of errrors along it
In this course, we will present different types of sensors used for the transduction of several physical values, e.g., occupancy, mechanical, acoustic, optical, bio/chemical, ' and the associated electronic circuits for signal conditioning and data transmission. We will highlight the figures of merit of the instrumentation chain and all sources of errrors along it
Learning outcomes
At the end of this learning unit, the student is able to : | |
With respect to the AA referring system defined for the Master in Electrical Engineering, the course contributes to the develoopment, mastery and assessment of the following skills :
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Content
In this course, we study the fundamental concepts of sensor systems and instrumentation chains, from the specification of a measurement need to the acquisition, processing and interpretation of data.
The following topics are addressed:
Academic and/or industrial seminars complement the course through concrete applications of sensor systems and discussions related to the relevance, sustainability and societal impact of instrumented solutions.
The following topics are addressed:
- Definition, classification and characterization of sensors.
- Sensor performance analysis: sensitivity, offset, linearity, saturation, resolution, calibration and validity of measurements.
- Principles of transduction governing the conversion of physical quantities into electrical signals (resistive, capacitive, inductive, thermal and chemical).
- Analysis of variations and error sources: intrinsic noise, environmental noise, device-to-device variability and dependence on operating conditions.
- Specification and selection of measurement solutions according to an application: definition of requirements, reading and analysis of datasheets, sensor–application adequacy.
- Design of instrumentation chains: block-diagram modeling, transfer functions, analog conditioning (transducer interfacing, amplification, filtering).
- Principles and techniques of data acquisition: analog-to-digital conversion, sampling and quantization effects.
- Data processing and information extraction: noise reduction, event detection and interpretation of measurements.
- Design and experimental validation of measurement systems: translation of specifications into architectural choices, characterization and validation of performance.
- Introduction to printed circuit board design and integration of instrumented systems.
- Critical analysis of the technical, energy-related, environmental and societal trade-offs associated with instrumented solutions, including considerations related to sustainability, energy consumption, data management and proportionality of measurement means.
Academic and/or industrial seminars complement the course through concrete applications of sensor systems and discussions related to the relevance, sustainability and societal impact of instrumented solutions.
Teaching methods
The course combines ex-cathedra lectures presenting the fundamental concepts of instrumentation and sensor systems with problem-based learning centered on a practical group project, complemented by exercise sessions.
The weekly organization combines theoretical lectures, experimental demonstrations, case studies and project-oriented activities, mainly based on an experimental platform used as a common thread throughout the semester.
The project focuses on the specification, design, implementation and experimental validation of a complete instrumentation chain. It is primarily centered on a resistive transduction sensor (strain gauge), while introducing openings toward other transduction mechanisms (capacitive, inductive, thermal or chemical).
Practical activities involve simulation tools (LTSpice), embedded platforms (Nucleo-type boards) and electronic design tools (including KiCad). Particular attention is paid to the articulation between modeling, simulation, experimentation, acquisition and interpretation of measurement data.
A hardware interfacing platform is provided to students for the project. Students wishing to do so may also develop their own printed circuit board within the framework of the project, subject to prior validation of the design.
The course promotes a systemic and transdisciplinary approach to instrumentation in connection with various engineering applications. Particular attention is also paid to the critical analysis of technological choices and trade-offs associated with instrumented solutions.
The weekly organization combines theoretical lectures, experimental demonstrations, case studies and project-oriented activities, mainly based on an experimental platform used as a common thread throughout the semester.
The project focuses on the specification, design, implementation and experimental validation of a complete instrumentation chain. It is primarily centered on a resistive transduction sensor (strain gauge), while introducing openings toward other transduction mechanisms (capacitive, inductive, thermal or chemical).
Practical activities involve simulation tools (LTSpice), embedded platforms (Nucleo-type boards) and electronic design tools (including KiCad). Particular attention is paid to the articulation between modeling, simulation, experimentation, acquisition and interpretation of measurement data.
A hardware interfacing platform is provided to students for the project. Students wishing to do so may also develop their own printed circuit board within the framework of the project, subject to prior validation of the design.
The course promotes a systemic and transdisciplinary approach to instrumentation in connection with various engineering applications. Particular attention is also paid to the critical analysis of technological choices and trade-offs associated with instrumented solutions.
Evaluation methods
Students are assessed through:
As continuous assessment takes place during the semester, intermediate reports cannot be resubmitted during the second examination session; the grade obtained for these activities is therefore retained. In case of failure during the first session, the final report may be resubmitted during the second session and the associated grade will then be taken into account. The individual examination may also be retaken during the second session.
A multiple-choice questionnaire may be used to assess the mastery of the fundamental concepts of the course.
- continuous assessment including one or several intermediate group reports during the semester, notably related to sensor characterization, design choices and data processing;
- a summative assessment based on a final group report dealing with the complete design of an instrumentation chain;
- an individual written examination covering the fundamental concepts of the course;
- a group oral examination covering the entire project.
- 40% from the group oral examination;
- up to 60% from the group reports, with a coefficient depending on the grade obtained in the individual written examination:
- 60% if the written examination grade is greater than or equal to 10/20;
- 0% if the written examination grade is lower than 5/20;
- linearly interpolated between these two thresholds for grades between 5/20 and 10/20.
As continuous assessment takes place during the semester, intermediate reports cannot be resubmitted during the second examination session; the grade obtained for these activities is therefore retained. In case of failure during the first session, the final report may be resubmitted during the second session and the associated grade will then be taken into account. The individual examination may also be retaken during the second session.
A multiple-choice questionnaire may be used to assess the mastery of the fundamental concepts of the course.
Other information
Reference books
Teaching material
Lecture slides, methodological documents, datasheets, technical notes and complementary resources are available online.
An experimental platform is provided to students in order to support design, acquisition and experimental validation activities. It notably includes a Nucleo-type embedded platform together with a dedicated printed circuit board for interfacing the sensor used in the project.
- J. Fraden, Handbook of Modern Sensors: Physics, Designs, and Applications, 5th ed., Springer, 2016. ISBN: 978-3-319-19302-1. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19303-8.
- R. B. Northrop, Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements, 3rd ed., CRC Press, 2014. ISBN: 9781439866801. DOI: 10.1201/9781315275239.
Teaching material
Lecture slides, methodological documents, datasheets, technical notes and complementary resources are available online.
An experimental platform is provided to students in order to support design, acquisition and experimental validation activities. It notably includes a Nucleo-type embedded platform together with a dedicated printed circuit board for interfacing the sensor used in the project.
Online resources
Bibliography
- J. Fraden, Handbook of Modern Sensors: Physics, Designs, and Applications, 5th ed., Springer, 2016. ISBN: 978-3-319-19302-1. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19303-8.
- R. B. Northrop, Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements, 3rd ed., CRC Press, 2014. ISBN: 9781439866801. DOI: 10.1201/9781315275239.
Teaching materials
- Transparents des cours, chapitres du livre de référence, disponibles en ligne
Faculty or entity
Programmes / formations proposant cette unité d'enseignement (UE)
Title of the programme
Sigle
Credits
Prerequisites
Learning outcomes
Master [120] in Biomedical Engineering
Master [120] in Electrical Engineering
Master [120] in Physical Engineering
Master [120] in Electro-mechanical Engineering
Master [120] in Energy Engineering