Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. In conditions such as atherosclerosis, arterial microstructure undergoes significant changes, including fatty tissue deposition that occludes the artery and collagen accumulation combined with elastin degradation that stiffens the wall.

Aortic aneurysms and dissections require personalized therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of catastrophic complications. This lecture introduces a multiscale digital-twin framework combining fast surrogate biomechanical models, machine-learning–based inverse identification, and tissue mechanobiology.