Turbulent wake vortices at equilibrium and their interaction with the ground at ReΓ = 2 x 105

A turbulent two-vortex system at equilibrium, that is typical of aircraft wakes in the far field, is first obtained using large eddy simulation and is characterized: circulation distribution of the vortices; energy of the mean and fluctuating fields; energy dissipation rate associated with the turbulent equilibrium. A wall-resolved simulation of that system further interacting with the ground is